Badatelsky orientovanou v\u00fduku lze stru\u010dn\u011b charakterizovat jako zp\u016fsob vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 klade d\u016fraz na aktivn\u00ed roli \u017e\u00e1ka ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm procesu, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edm pojet\u00edm vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zalo\u017eeno na aktivn\u00ed roli u\u010ditele. U\u010ditel je p\u0159i takto pojat\u00e9 v\u00fduce v\u00edce \u017e\u00e1kov\u00fdm r\u00e1dcem a moder\u00e1torem vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu ne\u017e autoritou a hlavn\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed. Sv\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 vhodn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 probl\u00e9my dopln\u011bn\u00e9 nutn\u00fdm minimem informac\u00ed a vede je k nalezen\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed a k vlastn\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1konitost\u00ed. Mnohdy se jedn\u00e1 o probl\u00e9my s nejednozna\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Rostouc\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed badatelsky orientovan\u00e9 v\u00fduky (BOV) p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd a matematiky je bezesporu jednou z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tendenc\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch snah\u00e1ch o zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fduky na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou realizov\u00e1ny v r\u00e1mci Evropy i cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Na v\u00fdznamu BOV p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd a matematiky pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed gramotnosti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol na \u00farovni odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a metod v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se shoduj\u00ed jak u\u010ditel\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00edci na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, tak i p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 vl\u00e1d, kte\u0159\u00ed formuluj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiku sv\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Francii, Irsku \u010di Slovensku, je pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu k v\u00fduce stanoveno ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi kurikul\u00e1rn\u00edmi dokumenty pro v\u00fduku p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdznam BOV matematiky a informatiky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jej\u00ed sep\u011bt\u00ed s re\u00e1ln\u00fdm \u017eivotem, d\u016fraz na samostatnou aktivitu student\u016f a vliv na rozvoj kompetenc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed, je jednozna\u010dn\u011b akcentov\u00e1n i v aktivit\u00e1ch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s podporou tzv. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f [MORRISON, J., 2006. TIES STEM education monograph series, attributes of STEM education.<\/em> 2006. Dostupn\u00e9 z http:\/\/www.tiesteach.org\/]. Definice STEM program\u016f a odborn\u00e1 podpora jejich v\u00fduky je odrazem snah o modernizaci obsah\u016f a forem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch v USA.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00ednos informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed<\/strong> Role u\u010ditele<\/strong> Ot\u00e1zkou, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed doposud v\u00fdznamn\u011b zkoum\u00e1na, jsou mo\u017enosti spojen\u00ed obou v\u00fd\u0161e nazna\u010den\u00fdch inova\u010dn\u00edch proud\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji vyu\u017eit\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f ICT pro podporu BOV. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se \u0159ada ot\u00e1zek: kter\u00e9 kvality softwarov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed BOV, ve kter\u00fdch situac\u00edch lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed ICT p\u0159i badatelsky orientovan\u00e9 v\u00fduce, zda p\u0159\u00edtomnost ICT evokuje p\u0159\u00edstup k objevov\u00e1n\u00ed (a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ji evokuje), jak vn\u00edmaj\u00ed a jak vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mo\u017enosti ICT p\u0159i BOV u\u010ditel\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 \u00falohy s pou\u017eit\u00edm ICT berou jako aktivizuj\u00edc\u00ed pro BOV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Badatelsky orientovanou v\u00fduku lze stru\u010dn\u011b charakterizovat jako zp\u016fsob vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 klade d\u016fraz na aktivn\u00ed roli \u017e\u00e1ka ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm procesu, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edm pojet\u00edm vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zalo\u017eeno na aktivn\u00ed roli u\u010ditele. U\u010ditel je p\u0159i takto pojat\u00e9 v\u00fduce v\u00edce \u017e\u00e1kov\u00fdm r\u00e1dcem a moder\u00e1torem vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu ne\u017e autoritou a hlavn\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed. Sv\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 vhodn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":151,"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions\/151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~bovmi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nJe t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee roli ICT vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako roli po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch p\u0159i
\npozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch, zkvalit\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de jsou univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a dynamickou manipulaci se symboly [PEA, R. D. Cognitive technologies for mathematics education. In Schoenfeld, A. H. (ed.) Cognitive science and mathematics education<\/em>. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1987. s. 92]. Jsou vhodnou pom\u016fckou pro tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed matematick\u00e9 gramotnosti, proto\u017ee replica uhren<\/a> nab\u00edzej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 reprezentace pojm\u016f, simulace jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, simuluj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 povahy pro aplikaci matematick\u00e9 gramotnosti jedince.<\/p>\n
\nV\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu u\u010ditele p\u0159i BOV (podobn\u011b jako p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ICT do v\u00fduky) [BAPTIST. P, MILLER, C., RAAB, D. (Eds.), Towards New Teaching in Mathematics<\/em>. SINUS and SINUS-Transfer, University of Bayreuth, 2010]. P\u0159i aplikaci BOV u\u010ditel sv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky podporuje p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed povahy a struktury vztah\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed podstatu replicas de relojes<\/a> zadan\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, nazna\u010duje jim mo\u017enosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch postup\u016f a po\u017eaduje po nich vysv\u011btlen\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, nikoliv jenom sd\u011blen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. V\u00fdzkum v r\u00e1mci v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch projekt\u016f i praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tato metoda efektivn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rozvoji analytick\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, n\u00e1r\u016fstu motivace a z\u00e1jmu o matematiku a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n