{"id":2683,"date":"2026-02-23T16:01:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T15:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~vip\/?p=2683"},"modified":"2026-03-21T19:18:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T18:18:11","slug":"programovani-ve-scratch-pro-2-stupen-zakladni-skoly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/home.pf.jcu.cz\/~vip\/programovani-ve-scratch-pro-2-stupen-zakladni-skoly\/","title":{"rendered":"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed ve Scratch pro 2. stupe\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

U\u010debnice je ur\u010dena pro 7., p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b 8. ro\u010dn\u00edk Z\u0160 (sekundu, p\u0159\u00edp. tercii osmilet\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia). Programov\u00e1n\u00ed je pro d\u011bti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 postavi\u010dky, kter\u00e1 vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edkazy. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed Scratch tuto ideu spl\u0148uje, nav\u00edc d\u00edky blokov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f poskytuje rychl\u00fd po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pokrok a zamezuje syntaktick\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m. V\u00fduka nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed znalosti programov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Auto\u0159i vn\u00edmaj\u00ed programov\u00e1n\u00ed jako h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b, na n\u011bm\u017e se d\u011bti u\u010d\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et postupy, zapisovat je v jazyce srozumiteln\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my pomoc\u00ed algoritmu, nau\u010dit se \u010d\u00edst po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd k\u00f3d a rozum\u011bt mu, vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a hledat v nich chyby. \u017d\u00e1ci by si ale u\u010den\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dob\u0159e u\u017e\u00edt, objevovat, spolupracovat a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b porozum\u011bt tomu, jak po\u010d\u00edta\u010de funguj\u00ed. Tato u\u010debnice (p\u0159esn\u011bji sada vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f) nab\u00edz\u00ed pestrou paletu situac\u00ed, v nich\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm postav kresl\u00ed obr\u00e1zky, raz\u00edtkuj\u00ed z p\u00edsmen slova, nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed postavy tancovat, v\u00e9st rozhovor, sehr\u00e1t sc\u00e9nku nebo naprogramuj\u00ed jednoduchou po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou hru. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 aktivita m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd efekt. U\u010debnice umo\u017e\u0148uje individu\u00e1ln\u00ed tempo \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a podporuje pr\u00e1ci ve dvojici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vedle \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch list\u016f a soubor\u016f s jednotliv\u00fdmi aktivitami je k dispozici bohat\u00e1 metodika pro u\u010ditele s v\u00fdsledky \u00faloh a radami, jak v\u00e9st v\u00fduku a jak zvl\u00e1dnout obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 situace. \u00dalohami lze postupovat individu\u00e1ln\u00edm tempem. Pro v\u00fduku rozvr\u017eenou na 32 hodin nab\u00edz\u00ed u\u010debnice dostatek pr\u00e1ce i pro velmi rychl\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky. V u\u010debnici je rozli\u0161eno z\u00e1kladn\u00ed u\u010divo, kter\u00e9 napln\u00ed po\u017eadavky RVP, a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed u\u010divo pro bystr\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky nebo studenty gymn\u00e1zia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u017d\u00e1ci mohou spou\u0161t\u011bt pracovn\u00ed soubory p\u0159\u00edmo z webu z t\u00e9to str\u00e1nky nebo mohou st\u00e1hnout a pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i v\u00fduce jednotliv\u00e9 kapitoly \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch list\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Schv\u00e1lilo M\u0160MT \u010d. j.: MSMT-11717\/2021-1 dne 28. 4. 2021 k za\u0159azen\u00ed do seznamu u\u010debnic pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st ucelen\u00e9 \u0159ady u\u010debnic pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed obor Informatika s dobou platnosti \u0161est let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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U\u010debnice ke sta\u017een\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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N\u00e1hled str\u00e1nek<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Online pracovn\u00ed soubory<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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